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Manifesto of the Ninety-Three
The "Manifesto of the Ninety-Three" is the name commonly given to a 4 October 1914,〔Jürgen von Ungern-Sternberg and Woflgang von Ungern-Sternberg, ''(Der Aufruf "An die Kulturwelt!": das Manifest der 93 und die Anfänge der Kriegspropaganda im Ersten Weltkrieg )'', Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart, 1996, p.13.〕 proclamation endorsed by 93 prominent German scientists, scholars and artists, declaring their unequivocal support of German military actions in the early period of World War I. These actions were elsewhere called the Rape of Belgium. The Manifesto galvanized support for the war throughout German schools and universities, but many foreign intellectuals were outraged.
Wilhelm Foerster soon repented having signed the document and soon with Georg Friedrich Nicolai they drew up the ''Manifesto to the europeans''. They argued "it seems not just '' a good thing'', but a dire ''necessity, that educated men of all nations'' direct their influence in such a way that the ''terms of the peace not become the wellspring of future wars'' - uncertain though the outcome of the war may now still seem. the fact that this was has plunged all European relations into an equally ''unstable'' and ''plastic state'' should rather be put to use to create out of Europe an organic whole." Whilst various people expressed sympathy with these sentiments, only Otto Buek and Albert Einstein agreed to sign it and it remained unpublished at the time. It was subsequently brought to light by Einstein.
A report in 1921 in ''The New York Times'' found that of 76 surviving signatories, 60 expressed varying degrees of regret. Some claimed not to have seen what they had signed.
==Text==
Here is an English translation (italics in original):〔(To the civilized world )〕
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